Some muscle names indicate the number of muscles in a group. The direction of the muscle fibers and fascicles are used to describe muscles relative to the midline, such as the rectus (straight) abdominis, or the oblique (at an angle) muscles of the abdomen. Names were given to indicate length- brevis (short), longus (long)-and to identify position relative to the midline: lateralis (to the outside away from the midline), and medialis (toward the midline). For the buttocks, the size of the muscles influences the names: gluteus maximus (largest), gluteus medius (medium), and the gluteus minimus (smallest). Similarly, the shapes of some muscles are very distinctive and the names, such as orbicularis, reflect the shape. For example, the frontalis muscle is located on top of the frontal bone of the skull. The skeletal muscle’s anatomical location or its relationship to a particular bone often determines its name. These include naming the muscle after its shape, its size compared to other muscles in the area, its location in the body or the location of its attachments to the skeleton, how many origins it has, or its action. QUADruplets are four children born at one birth.Īnatomists name the skeletal muscles according to a number of criteria, each of which describes the muscle in some way. TRIple the amount of money is three times as much. If a ring is DIcast, it is made of two metals. If something is MULTIcolored, it has many colors. To RECTify a situation is to straighten it out. “Medius” and “medium” both begin with “med.” “Longissimus” is longer than the word “long.” If you are antisocial, you are against engaging in social activities. Understanding a Muscle Name from the Latin Pronunciation of words and terms will take a bit of time to master, but after you have some basic information the correct names and pronunciations will become easier. When you understand the names of muscles it will help you remember where the muscles are located and what they do (, , and ). Taking the time to learn the root of the words is crucial to understanding the vocabulary of anatomy and physiology. Etymology is the study of how the root of a particular word entered a language and how the use of the word evolved over time. The large number of muscles in the body and unfamiliar words can make learning the names of the muscles in the body seem daunting, but understanding the etymology can help. The educated class of subsequent societies studied Latin and Greek, and therefore the early pioneers of anatomy continued to apply Latin and Greek terminology or roots when they named the skeletal muscles. The Greeks and Romans conducted the first studies done on the human body in Western culture. Explain how understanding the muscle names helps describe shapes, location, and actions of various muscles.Describe the criteria used to name skeletal muscles. ![]() By the end of this section, you will be able to:
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